Given the importance of this mangrove forest conservation significance for the survival of marine ecosystems It is only fitting and reasonable is if the local government in Bangka Belitung Islands Province is very concerned about safety of Mangrove forests are the province of the Pacific Islands region. Unimaginable what would be felt by the whole society is when the islands of Bangka Belitung one day ecosystems Mangrove Forests (Mangrove Forest) in the islands of Bangka Belitung province was destroyed or even destroyed, how much value losses that will be obtained, and seimbangkah with income and income from economic activities that would affect only a moment? Regardless of the long-term negative impact for the province of Bangka Belitung Island is. Material losses are very large value if the rupiahkan and losses sprituil invaluable …
Mangrove forest (mangrove) is a tropical coastal vegetation community, dominated by several species of mangrove tree that can grow and develop in the muddy tidal beach (Bengen, 2000). While these coastal areas are defined as areas where the land bordering the sea. Limits on the mainland coastal areas are areas with stagnant water or water that is not flooded and is still influenced by marine processes such as tidal sea, the sea breeze and sea water intrusion, while the coastal areas in the marine boundary areas is influenced by natural processes on land, such as sedimentation and flow of freshwater into the sea, and marine areas affected by human activities on land such as deforestation and pollution.
Coastal and marine areas is an ecosystem of integrated and mutually correlated with each other (and Purwaka Siregar, 2002). Each element in the ecosystem has a role and function of a mutually supportive. Damage to one component of the ecosystem of one of them (terrestrial and marine) directly affect the overall ecosystem balance. The mangrove forest is the element that most strongly in balancing environmental quality and neutralize contaminants.
Mangrove has the role of ecological, economic, and social issues are very important in supporting the development of coastal areas. The rehabilitation is very priority before the negative impact of mangrove loss is widespread and can not be resolved (tsunami, erosion, intrusion, pollution, and the spread of disease). Cities that have an area of 43.80 ha of mangrove area in the forest area has the potential to be developed as tourism (ecotourism).
In rehabilitating the mangrove that is needed is a master plan devised on the basis of objective data biophysical and social conditions. For this purpose, R & D Center of Forest and Nature Conservation can contribute in preparing the master plan and feasibility study. In the case of mangrove rehabilitation, provisions need to be met for green belt of mangrove ecosystem that is built to provide optimum function (to anticipate the tsunami disaster, the increase in productivity of fish catches and water absorption of pollutants.)
According to Davis, Claridge and Natarina (1995), mangrove forests have the functions and benefits as follows:
1. Habitat for endangered species
Mangroves are often the habitat of wildlife species. More than 100 species of birds live here, and extensive land borders with mud that the mangrove forest is a place of landing of thousands burug mild coastal migrants, including rare bird species Blekok Asia (Limnodrumus semipalmatus)
2. Protection against natural disasters
Mangrove forest vegetation to protect buildings, agricultural crops or natural vegetation from damage by storms or salt-laden air through the filtration process.
3. Siltation
The physical properties of plants in mangrove forests help to siltation process. Siltation is closely related to the removal of toxins and water nutrients, because these materials are often bound to the sludge particles. With the mangrove forest, sea water quality awake from silt erosion.
4. Nutrient enhancer
The physical properties of mangrove forests tend to slow the water flow and sedimentation. Along with this deposition process occurs nutrients derived from various sources, including leaching from agricultural areas.
5. Fastening poison
Many toxins that enter the aquatic ecosystem in a state bound to the surface of the mud or are in between the lattice water molecules soil particles. Some specific species in the mangrove forests and even help the process of actively toxic belay
6. Natural resources in the region (In-Situ) and the outer area (Ex-Situ)
The results of natural in-situ include all fauna and the results of mining or mineral that can be used directly in the region. While ex-situ natural resources include natural products in the mangrove forest and transported / transferred to other areas which is then used by communities in the area, a source of food for other organisms, or provide other functions such as increasing the beach area because of removal of sand and mud.
7. Transportation
In some mangrove forests, transport through water is the most efficient and most suitable to the environment.
8. Source of germplasm
Germplasm of wild life is very beneficial both for the improvement of commercial species of animals and wildlife populations untukmemelihara itself.
9. Recreation and tourism
Mangrove forests have aesthetic value, both from natural factors and of life in it. Mangrove forest that has been developed into natural attractions such as the Sinjai (South Sulawesi), Muara Angke (DKI), Suwung, Denpasar (Bali), Blanakan and Cikeong (West Java), and Cilacap (Central Java). The mangrove forests provide different attractions with other natural attractions. Characteristics of forests that are in transition between land and sea is unique in several respects. The tourists also get lessons on the environment directly from nature. Pantai Padang, West Sumatra’s total area of 43.80 ha of mangrove forest areas, have the opportunity to be a tourist area of mangrove.
This tourist activities in addition to providing direct income to the manager through the sale of entrance tickets and parking, are also able to grow the economy in the surrounding community by providing employment and business opportunities, such as open food stalls, rent a boat, and a tour guide.
10. Educational and research
Efforts development of science and technology requires a good field laboratory for research and educational activities.
11. Maintain the processes and natural systems
Mangroves are very high role in supporting the ongoing processes of ecological, geomorphological, or geology in it.
12. Carbon sequestration
The process of change fotosentesis inorganic carbon (C02) into organic carbon in the form of vegetation. In most ecosystems, these materials decompose and release carbon back into the atmosphere as (C02). However, mangrove forests in fact contain a large amount of organic material that does not rot. Therefore, more mangrove forests serve as carbon sink than a source of carbon.
13. Maintain microclimate
Mangrove forest evapotranspiration and able to maintain ketembaban rainfall region, so that the micro-climate equilibrium maintained.
14. Prevent the development of acidic sulfate soil
The existence of mangrove forests to prevent teroksidasinya coating pyrite and obstruct the development of natural conditions.
Mangrove Forests and Fisheries
In the review cycle of biomass, mangrove forests provide input of nutrients to aquatic ecosystems, providing shelter and care places for children of fish, where the mating / spawning, and others. The main food source for aquatic organisms in mangrove area is in the form of particles of organic material (detritus) resulting from the decomposition of mangrove litter (such as leaves, twigs and flowers). During the process of decomposition, mangrove litter gradually increasing levels of protein and serves as a source of food for a variety of deposit-eating organisms such as molluscs, crabs dang Polychaeta worms. These primary consumers become food for the consumer level two, usually dominated by predatory fishes smaller then eaten by juvenile fish forming large predatory consumer level three short, mangroves play an important role in providing habitat for various kinds of commodity-ragamjenis important fisheries in both whole or part of their life cycle.
Based on the results of economic studies and cost benefit analysis of mangrove forest ecosystems (mangrove) was very surprising, in some areas such as Irian Jaya and Madura to reach trillions of dollars, said Assistant Deputy for Coastal and Marine ecosystems Ministry of Environment, Dr. LH Sudharyono.
At the Strategic Planning Workshop on Mangrove Forest Damage Control as in Bandar Lampung Sumatra revealed that the results of the research Centre for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, IPB-Bogor by State Ministry of Environment (1995) concerning the analysis of costs and benefits of mangrove forest ecosystems result was very surprising, in Madura Island, acquired Total Economic Value (TEV) amounted to Rp 49 trillion, to Irian Jaya USD. 329 trillion, East Kalimantan Rp. And Jabar Rp 178 trillion. 1.357 trillion. Total TeV for all of Indonesia at Rp. 820 trillion.
Based on the analysis of costs and benefits of mangrove ecosystem management scenarios suggested scenario: 100 percent of mangrove forests will be retained as current conditions, as the most optimal management options, in fact, there has been a reduction of mangrove forest, on the island of Java, in 1997 alone the extent of already live 19 077 ha (1985 data covering an area of 170,500 ha), or only about 11.19 percent.
The biggest shrinkage occurred in East Java, from an area of 57,500 ha to only 500 ha (8 percent), then in West Java, from 66,500 hectares to live less than 5,000 ha. Meanwhile, in Central Java, living 13,577 ha from 46,500 ha (live 29 percent). While large pond on the island of Java is 128,740 ha spread in West Java (50,330 ha), Central Java (30,497 ha), and in East Java (47,913 ha).
It is feared that if in the future is extending the embankment by changing or happening destruction of mangrove forests and mangrove forest land annexation, it will most likely be very difficult to get a mangrove forest in Java, Indonesia and even anywhere in this area.
Given the importance of this mangrove forest conservation significance for the survival of marine ecosystems It is only fitting and reasonable is if the local government in Bangka Belitung Islands Province is very concerned about safety of Mangrove forests are the province of the Pacific Islands region. Unimaginable what would be felt by the whole society is when the islands of Bangka Belitung one day ecosystems Mangrove Forests (Mangrove Forest) in the islands of Bangka Belitung province was destroyed or even destroyed, how much value losses that will be obtained, and seimbangkah with income and income from economic activities that would affect only a moment? Regardless of the long-term negative impact for the province of Bangka Belitung Island is. Material losses are very large value if the rupiahkan and losses sprituil invaluable …
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